电芬顿泥浆反应器中羟基自由基生成影响因素分析

泥浆化是有机污染土壤修复中一种高效、快速的处理方法。将泥浆化与电芬顿联合,可对有机污染土壤进行氧化修复处理。采用高效液相色谱法,以水杨酸为羟基自由基(·OH)捕获剂,探讨电芬顿泥浆反应器中影响·OH生成量和检出准确度的关键因素。结果表明,向反应器内加入适量电解质(无水硫酸钠),浓度控制在5 g·L-1左右,可增加·OH生成量,且可在较长时间内使·OH瞬时浓度维持在较高水平;反应器内泥浆初始p H为3时,生成·OH的量大于初始p H为5和11时的生成量;装置中电极间距为5 cm时,生成·OH的量最高;加入适量水杨酸溶液,控制初始浓度在400μmo I·L-1,可以较准确地间接表征瞬时·OH生成量。芘污染供试土壤的削减实验证明,加入适量的有机物可以减少·OH的自身淬灭。采用电芬顿泥浆化技术,在适当的条件下可生成大量的·OH,从而快速有效地削减有机污染物。     

亚甲基蓝光度法检测Fenton试剂所生成的羟自由基

提出检测Fenton反应产生羟自由基的新方法。羟自由基与亚甲基蓝发生反应后，亚甲基蓝的颜色发生变化，用紫外-分光光度计测定其△A617值的变化，可间接测定羟自由基的产生量。本方法稳定性好、操作简便、测定快速，可作为一种简便的筛选抗氧化剂的方法。     

柑桔皮渣提取液对羟自由基的清除作用

研究了柑、甜橙、梁平柚皮渣的水、乙醇、正丁醇、乙酸乙酯提取液对活性氧·OH的清除作用。方法 :以·OH清除剂 (甘露醇 )为对照 ,应用Fenton反应检测柑桔皮对·OH的清除作用。结果 :柑、甜橙、梁平柚皮渣的水提液IC50 分别相当于 3 .7,5 .6 ,6 .5mg(鲜皮 ) /ml。柑、梁平柚皮渣 70 %乙醇提取液的IC50 分别相当于 36 .2 ,5 0 .0mg(鲜皮 ) /ml,柑、甜橙、梁平柚皮渣的正丁醇提取液的IC50 分别相当于为 5 .2 ,4.4,9.2mg(鲜皮 ) /ml,柑、甜橙、梁平柚皮渣的乙酸乙酯提取液的IC50 分别相当于为 5 .4,4.6 ,30 .0mg(鲜皮 ) /ml。结论 :柑、甜橙、梁平柚皮渣的水提液对·OH具有较强的清除作用 ,柑、甜橙的正丁醇和乙酸乙酯提取液也具有较强的清除效果。而柑、甜橙、梁平柚皮渣的乙醇提取液 ,以及梁平柚正丁醇、乙酸乙酯提取液均对·OH清除作用较弱     

菜籽多酚和Vc在化学模拟体系中清除超氧阴离子和羟自由基的能力

研究菜籽多酚、Vc、菜籽多酚与Vc混合物在化学模拟体系中清除超氧阴离子自由基OH.O2.与羟自由基.OH自由基的能力。用邻苯三酚自氧化法测定抗氧化剂清除OH.O2.的能力,用铁氧化邻二氮菲-Fe2+法测定抗氧化剂清除.OH的能力。结果表明:菜籽多酚、Vc、菜籽多酚与Vc的混合物清除OH.O2.、.OH都不呈剂量-效应关系。菜籽多酚在0.25mg/ml浓度时对OH.O2.与.OH的清除率均最高,分别达51.40%和84.82%。Vc在0.80mg/ml时对OH.O2.的清除率最高,达80.39%;在0.40mg/ml时对.OH的清除率最高,达91.35%。当总浓度为0.25mg/ml时,菜籽多酚与Vc的混合物没有协同增加清除OH.O2.的作用;菜籽多酚与Vc按7∶3、8∶2两种比例混合,在清除.OH时有协同增效作用,协同增效的最佳比例为7∶3,最大清除率达78.78%。     

硒酸根与氢氧根离子在可变电荷土壤表面的交换反应: Ⅱ. 氢氧根离子释放的动力学

A self-made constant pH automated titration instrument was used to study the kinetics of hydroxyl release during selenite reacting with variable charge soils. The rate of hydroxyl release was very rapid at the first several minutes, then gradually slowed down, and at last did not change any more. The experimental data was well fitted by the Langmuir kinetic equation, and with increasing selenite concentration or decreasing solution pH, the reaction lasted longer, the maximum of hydroxyl release (x_m) increased, and the binding constant (k) decreased. The time of hydroxyl release with Xuwen latosol was much longer than that with Jinxian red soil.     

酸性条件下氮素形态对西红柿根系释放羟基的影响

为研发酸化土壤的生物修复技术,本文用水培实验和电位滴定方法研究了酸性条件下氮素形态对西红柿根系释放羟基的影响,结果表明,在初始pH为4.0、NO3-/NH4+ 比为15:1、5:1、1:1和1:5的营养液中,由于西红柿对NO3--N的偏好吸收导致根系释放羟基,培养液pH升高。培养1周后4个NO3-/NH4+ 比培养液pH分别升高了1.60、1.15、0.57和0.29,与西红柿对NO3--N的吸收量和羟基释放量的大小一致。当西红柿生长在初始pH为5.0营养液中时,仅NO3-/NH4+ 比为15:1和5:1体系中西红柿根系释放羟基,导致培养液pH升高;在NO3-/NH4+ 比为1:1和1:5体系中西红柿根系释放质子,导致培养液pH降低。初始pH5.0条件下西红柿吸收的NO3--N低于初始pH4.0条件下的,其根系释放的羟基量也低于pH4.0体系中的。这些结果说明低pH条件有利于西红柿对NO3--N的吸收,西红柿根系也会释放更多的羟基。因此可以根据西红柿在强酸性条件下对NO3--N的偏好吸收和根系释放羟基的特点对酸化土壤进行生物修复。     

药用鼠尾草二萜醌类及有关中药单体对羟自由基的清除效能

采用电子自旋共振和自旋捕集技术,观察药用鼠尾草丹参二萜醌类化合物及其它中草药中有关单体化合物对Ｆｅｎｔｅｎ 反应产生的羟自由基的清除效能。结果表明,试验浓度的二萜醌类化合物对羟自由基有不同程度的清除作用,其中对醌类的抑制作用强于邻醌类。含多羟基醌类化合物具有较强的清除效能,分子中的羟基对消除自由基有促进作用。在一定浓度范围内,隐丹参酮对羟自由基有较好的清除作用。     

Production of bactericidal substances by a marine vibrio isolated from cultures of the scallop Argopecten purpuratus

A marine vibrio (strain C33) having inhibitory effects on the growth of the pathogen Vibrio anguillarum-VAR was isolated from seawater used in mass culture of the north-Chilean scallop Argopecten purpuratus. This bacterial isolate demonstrated broad inhibitory activity on several bacterial strains, including some pathogenic vibrios. Ethyl acetate extracts of extracellular products of strain C33 were separated by thin layer chromatography (TLC), and three fractions thus obtained were found to have antimicrobial activity when tested using microplate bioassays. One of the fractions (A2) having marked antimicrobial activity, was further purified using TLC and analyzed by IR spectrophotometry and NMR'H and was characterized on a preliminary basis as an aliphatic hydroxyl ether. This compound demonstrated bacteriostatic activity against the important marine pathogens Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. splendidus, and as discussed in the paper, may be useful in developing natural strategies for the control of pathogens in mass cultures of Argopecten purpuratus and possibly other molluscs affected by these bacteria.     

An hypothesis on the etio-pathogenesis of equine inflammatory joint disease

The role of oxygen-derived free radicals is considered critical to the etio-pathogenesis of equine inflammatory joint disease. In vivo, the superoxide radical in the joint may be derived either from activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes or from an ischemia/reperfusion cycle. In the presence of ferrous iron, it may generate the highly reactive hydroxyl radical (OH *). Predisposing factors may include synovitis, exercise-induced ischemia and minor traumatic injury to the joints. Unlike other inflammatory mediators, oxygen-derived free radicals may damage tissue directly and these reactive species could account for the tissue injury and insidious onset of equine exercise-induced degenerative joint disease.